Fig. 4From: Costal cartilage as a promising technique for large bronchial fistula closure in fistulous empyema: a case reportThe advantage of rib cartilage is that it is easy to trim and thread the needle. The rib cartilage was trimmed to a size slightly larger than the fistulaās diameter. The needle penetrated the rib cartilage and sutured to through the bronchial wall and thickened pleura of the fistula. The fistula was then filled with rib cartilage and sealed with 3-0 PDSBack to article page